<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:05:44 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 02:58:50 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB003294</accession>
  <name>L-Lactic acid</name>
  <description>Occurs in the juice of muscular tissue, bile etc. Flavour ingredient, food antioxidant. Various esters are also used in flavourings

Lactic acid is chiral and has two optical isomers. One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-(-)-lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. L-(+)-Lactic acid is the biologically important isomer.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+)-Lactate</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(alpha)-Lactate</synonym>
    <synonym>(alpha)-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-Lactate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-(+)-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxy-propanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-Lactate</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, 9CI; L-form</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Hydroxypropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>Espiritin</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)- Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-a-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-α-hydroxypropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-(+)-α-hydroxypropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-2-Hydroxypropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Lactate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Lactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Milchsaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>Milk acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Paralactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (S)- (9CI)</synonym>
    <synonym>Sarcolactic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Tisulac</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C3H6O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>90.0779</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>90.031694058</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(α)-lactate</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>79-33-4</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[C@H](O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.</description>
    <direct_parent>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Hydroxy acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>2-hydroxypropanoic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Liquid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 53°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-0.47</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.78</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>90.0779</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>90.031694058</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C[C@H](O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C3H6O3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>57.53</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>18.84</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>8.06</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Gluconeogenesis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP00128</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id>map00010</kegg_map_id>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pyruvate Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP00060</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id>map00620</kegg_map_id>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>276</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>277</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>989</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1195</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>434</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30161</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30601</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37346</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152925</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1053840</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1053841</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1053843</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1053845</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1053847</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>301</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>302</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>303</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3467</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3468</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3469</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3470</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3471</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178011</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178012</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178013</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180324</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180325</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180326</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438026</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438027</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438028</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438029</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438030</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1474450</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2258028</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2258582</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2260001</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3055172</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3055173</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1162</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1197</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>4808</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6072</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6073</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6074</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6075</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6076</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6077</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6078</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6079</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6080</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6081</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6082</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6083</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6084</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6085</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6086</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6088</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6089</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6090</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>6091</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166457</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00190</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>422</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id>2OP</het_id>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1ab8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1900&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1748&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1590&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1338&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f1158&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0fa0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0de8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0c30&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0a78&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0870&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f0690&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f04b0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333f02f8&gt;</reference>
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    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333efe70&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce333efcb8&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Beer</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>360.0</average_value>
      <max_value>360.0</max_value>
      <min_value>360.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Milk (Cow)</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>347.36</average_value>
      <max_value>1770.0</max_value>
      <min_value>33.43</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Port wine</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>acidic</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>odorless</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
