<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:10:02 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 03:06:23 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB012200</accession>
  <name>2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid</name>
  <description>Occurs in Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian)

2-Pyrocatechuic acid is a normal human benzoic acid metabolite found in plasma (PMID 16351159), and is normally found with increased levels after consumption of many nutrients and drugs, i.e.: cranberry juice (PMID 14733499), aspirin ingestion. (PMID 3342084) It has been found associated with idiopathic oro-facial pain due to stress (oxidative stress might enhance the production of free radicals); it has been suggested that OH radicals are responsible for the production of many systemic and local tissue injury diseases which may initially manifest as pain syndrome, and 2-Pyrocatechuic acid is a biological marker for the detection and quantification of OH radicals, and patients had significantly increased circulating levels of 2-Pyrocatechuic acid after aspirin ingestion than control subjects. (PMID 7748148)</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>2-Pyrocatechuate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Pyrocatechuic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3 DHB</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-DIHYDROXY-benzoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydroxy-benzoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxysalicylate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxysalicylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Catechol-3-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Catechol-3-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Catecholcarboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Catecholcarboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DHBA</synonym>
    <synonym>DOBK</synonym>
    <synonym>o-Pyrocatechuate</synonym>
    <synonym>o-Pyrocatechuic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrocatechuate</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrocatechuic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrocatechuic acid, 8CI</synonym>
    <synonym>Resorcylic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C7H6O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>154.121</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>154.026608673</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>2,3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>303-38-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)9)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)</inchi>
  <inchikey>GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids. These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.</description>
    <direct_parent>Salicylic acids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Benzene and substituted derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Benzoic acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzoic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzoyl derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzoic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzoyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Salicylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>dihydroxybenzoic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.42</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.35</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>6.88e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 204° (anhyd.)</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>1.67</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>2.56</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-6.3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>154.121</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>154.026608673</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(=O)C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C7H6O4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)9)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>77.76</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>37.28</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>13.71</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1297</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>604</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>605</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>240037</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>240038</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>240039</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>242092</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>242093</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>242094</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439732</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440138</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449821</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449822</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2255333</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2257188</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2257381</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2259225</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2259355</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2365120</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2365121</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2365122</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2597929</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2597930</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2597931</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>472</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>473</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>474</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>546</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1391</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5646</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30417</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31139</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31798</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37497</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>137174</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144908</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060433</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060435</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060437</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060438</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060440</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060442</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060444</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060445</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060447</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060449</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060451</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060452</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1060454</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143710</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143711</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143712</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143713</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143714</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143715</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143716</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143717</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143718</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143719</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143720</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143721</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143722</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143723</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143724</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143725</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143726</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143727</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143728</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143729</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00397</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>18026</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id>DBH</het_id>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce305684f8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30568340&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30568188&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30567fa8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30567df0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30567c38&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30567a80&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Alcoholic beverages</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>American cranberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vaccinium macrocarpon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13750</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.158</average_value>
      <max_value>0.316000015</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Anatidae</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anatidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8830</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Beefalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus X Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>297284</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Bison</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9901</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Broccoli</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. italica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>36774</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.6076</average_value>
      <max_value>2.795</max_value>
      <min_value>2.4202</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Buffalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bubalus bubalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>89462</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.56415</average_value>
      <max_value>0.6021</max_value>
      <min_value>0.5262</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cattle (Beef, Veal)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9913</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chicken</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Gallus gallus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9031</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columbidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8930</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cucumber</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucumis sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3659</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.75245</average_value>
      <max_value>3.3248</max_value>
      <min_value>2.1801</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9850</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Dill</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anethum graveolens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>40922</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.2822</average_value>
      <max_value>2.5127</max_value>
      <min_value>2.0517</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic goat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capra aegagrus hircus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9925</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic pig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa domestica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9825</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Eggplant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum melongena</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4111</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0287</average_value>
      <max_value>0.037</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0204</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Elk</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervus canadensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1574408</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Emu</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Dromaius novaehollandiae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8790</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oryctolagus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9984</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Evening primrose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oenothera biennis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3942</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden onion</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Allium cepa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4679</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.61345</average_value>
      <max_value>0.6692</max_value>
      <min_value>0.5577</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden tomato</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum lycopersicum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4081</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.01055</average_value>
      <max_value>0.011</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0101</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garlic</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Allium sativum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4682</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.04025</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0439</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0366</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grape wine</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.0835</average_value>
      <max_value>0.083499998</max_value>
      <min_value>0.083499998</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.02625</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0349</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0176</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green zucchini</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.0209</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0287</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0131</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Greylag goose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anser anser</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8843</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guinea hen</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Numida meleagris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8996</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Herbs and Spices</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Horse</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Equus caballus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9796</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Italian sweet red pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0931</average_value>
      <max_value>0.1087</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0775</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Japanese pumpkin</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita maxima</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3661</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0636</average_value>
      <max_value>0.081</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0462</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mallard duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anas platyrhynchos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8839</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Milk (Cow)</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mountain hare</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lepus timidus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>62621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mule deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Odocoileus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9871</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ostrich</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Struthio camelus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8801</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pheasant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianus colchicus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9054</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quail</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9005</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Leporidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9979</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rock ptarmigan</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lagopus muta</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64668</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Romaine lettuce</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>1.19185</average_value>
      <max_value>1.7101</max_value>
      <min_value>0.6736</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Root vegetables</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ovis aries</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9940</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Squab</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8931</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turkey</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Meleagris gallopavo</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9103</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turnip</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica rapa var. rapa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>51350</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0281</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0305</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0257</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Velvet duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Melanitta fusca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>371864</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild boar</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9823</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Yellow bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.4959</average_value>
      <max_value>0.5484</max_value>
      <min_value>0.4434</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Yellow wax bean</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phaseolus vulgaris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3885</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.72785</average_value>
      <max_value>0.7602</max_value>
      <min_value>0.6955</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
