<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:11:24 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 00:48:47 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB014671</accession>
  <name>Grosheimin</name>
  <description>Grosheimin belongs to guaianolides and derivatives class of compounds. Those are diterpene lactones with a structure characterized by the presence of a gamma-lactone fused to a guaiane, forming 3,6,9-trimethyl-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one or a derivative. Grosheimin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Grosheimin is a bitter tasting compound found in globe artichoke, which makes grosheimin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. </description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>8-Hydroxy-3-oxo-10(14),11(13)-guaiadien-12,6-olide</synonym>
    <synonym>Grosheimin</synonym>
    <synonym>Grossheimin</synonym>
    <synonym>Grosshemin</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C15H18O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>262.301</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>262.120509064</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>4-hydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-dodecahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>4-hydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>22489-66-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1C2C3OC(=O)C(=C)C3C(O)CC(=C)C2CC1=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C15H18O4/c1-6-4-11(17)13-8(3)15(18)19-14(13)12-7(2)10(16)5-9(6)12/h7,9,11-14,17H,1,3-5H2,2H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>YGMIBVIKXJJQQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as guaianolides and derivatives. These are diterpene lactones with a structure characterized by the presence of a gamma-lactone fused to a guaiane, forming 3,6,9-trimethyl-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one or a derivative.</description>
    <direct_parent>Guaianolides and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Terpene lactones</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic alcohols and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Enoate esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Gamma butyrolactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Guaianes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetrahydrofurans</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Enoate ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Gamma butyrolactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Guaiane sesquiterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Guaianolide-skeleton</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Sesquiterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetrahydrofuran</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.18</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.74</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>4.77e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 205°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>1.15</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>14.71</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-2.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>4-hydroxy-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-dodecahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>262.301</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>262.120509064</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1C2C3OC(=O)C(=C)C3C(O)CC(=C)C2CC1=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C15H18O4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C15H18O4/c1-6-4-11(17)13-8(3)15(18)19-14(13)12-7(2)10(16)5-9(6)12/h7,9,11-14,17H,1,3-5H2,2H3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>YGMIBVIKXJJQQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>63.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>68.43</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>27.12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>63126</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>63127</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>63128</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>120027</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>120028</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>120029</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605731</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605732</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605733</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605734</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605735</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3605736</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Globe artichoke</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cynara scolymus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>59895</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>bitter</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
