<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:12:38 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 01:49:43 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB016778</accession>
  <name>Proanthocyanidin A2</name>
  <description>Isolated from cassia bark (Cinnamomum aromaticum). Proanthocyanidin A2 is found in many foods, some of which are herbs and spices, cinnamon, avocado, and lingonberry.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+)-Proanthocyanidin A2</synonym>
    <synonym>EC-(4b,8)(2b,7)-EC</synonym>
    <synonym>Epicatechin-(2b-&gt;7,4b-&gt;8)-epicatechin</synonym>
    <synonym>Epicatechin-(2beta-&gt;7,4beta-&gt;8)-epicatechin</synonym>
    <synonym>Proanthocyanidin A-2</synonym>
    <synonym>Proanthocyanidin A2</synonym>
    <synonym>Procyanidin A2</synonym>
    <synonym>Procyanidin dimer A2</synonym>
    <synonym>Procyanidoepicatechin</synonym>
    <synonym>Procyanidol A2</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C31H26O12</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>590.5309</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>590.142426296</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(1R,5R,6R,13S,21R)-13-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0^{2,11}.0^{3,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(1R,5R,6R,13S,21R)-13-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0^{2,11}.0^{3,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>41743-41-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(=C1)[C@@]12OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C1=C3O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CC3=C(O)C=C1O2)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C31H26O12/c1-11-4-13(6-20(37)27(11)39)31-30(40)26(24-19(36)7-14(32)8-22(24)42-31)25-23(43-31)10-17(34)15-9-21(38)28(41-29(15)25)12-2-3-16(33)18(35)5-12/h2-8,10,21,26,28,30,32-40H,9H2,1H3/t21-,26-,28-,30-,31+/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>DWMJRBXZWVVPDB-UYVQOXPASA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biflavonoids and polyflavonoids. These are organic compounds containing at least two flavan/flavone units. These units are usually linked through CC or C-O-C bonds. Some examples include C2-O-C3, C2-O-C4, C3'-C3''', and C6-C8''.</description>
    <direct_parent>Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Flavonoids</class>
    <sub_class>Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>3'-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>3-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>4'-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>5-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>7-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>A-type proanthocyanidins</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl aryl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechins</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Ketals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Meta cresols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Ortho cresols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranochromenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranoflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Toluenes</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>3'-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>4'-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>5-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>7-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>A-type proanthocyanidin</substituent>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl aryl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Bi- and polyflavonoid skeleton</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechin</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromane</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Flavan</substituent>
      <substituent>Flavan-3-ol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketal</substituent>
      <substituent>M-cresol</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>O-cresol</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Proanthocyanidin</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranochromene</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranoflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Toluene</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.52</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.72</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.13e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 300°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>4.1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>8.73</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(1R,5R,6R,13S,21R)-13-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.0^{2,11}.0^{3,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-2,8,10,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>590.5309</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>590.142426296</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(=C1)[C@@]12OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]([C@H]1O)C1=C3O[C@@H]([C@H](O)CC3=C(O)C=C1O2)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C31H26O12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C31H26O12/c1-11-4-13(6-20(37)27(11)39)31-30(40)26(24-19(36)7-14(32)8-22(24)42-31)25-23(43-31)10-17(34)15-9-21(38)28(41-29(15)25)12-2-3-16(33)18(35)5-12/h2-8,10,21,26,28,30,32-40H,9H2,1H3/t21-,26-,28-,30-,31+/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>DWMJRBXZWVVPDB-UYVQOXPASA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>209.76</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>149.24</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>58.11</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>66990</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>66991</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>66992</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>124710</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>124711</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>124712</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB37655</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3053cfb0&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>American cranberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vaccinium macrocarpon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13750</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>4.1</average_value>
      <max_value>4.1</max_value>
      <min_value>4.1</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Apple</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Malus pumila</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>283210</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Avocado</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Persea americana</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3435</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ceylon cinnamon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cinnamomum verum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>128608</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chinese cinnamon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cinnamomum aromaticum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>119260</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cinnamon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cinnamomum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13428</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European cranberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vaccinium oxycoccos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>516948</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.13</average_value>
      <max_value>0.13</max_value>
      <min_value>0.13</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Herbs and Spices</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lingonberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>180772</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.11</average_value>
      <max_value>2.11</max_value>
      <min_value>2.11</min_value>
      <unit/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Peanut</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Arachis hypogaea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3818</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti bacterial</name>
      <id>145</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti capillary-fragility</name>
      <id>160</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti elastase</name>
      <id>250</id>
      <definition>A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti enzymatic</name>
      <id>264</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti erythemic</name>
      <id>268</id>
      <definition>A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti glucuronidase</name>
      <id>302</id>
      <definition>A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti peroxidant</name>
      <id>519</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-inflammatory</name>
      <id>370</id>
      <definition>A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-oxidant</name>
      <id>502</id>
      <definition>A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-proteolytic</name>
      <id>556</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-viral</name>
      <id>689</id>
      <definition>A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Sunscreen</name>
      <id>1337</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Venotonic</name>
      <id>1420</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Vulnerary</name>
      <id>1430</id>
      <definition>A drug used in treating and healing of wounds.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
