<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2011-09-21 00:09:04 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 02:40:56 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB022140</accession>
  <name>DL-DOPA</name>
  <description>The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. [HMDB]</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+-)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>(+-)-Dopa</synonym>
    <synonym>(+/-) 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>(R,S)-Dopa</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-DL-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxy-DL-tyrosine</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxytyrosine</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>a-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-Benzenepropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-Benzenepropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-Benzenepropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-Benzenepropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-amino-Hydrocaffeic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-a-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-DL-a-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-DL-alpha-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-3-Hydroxytyrosine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-3,4-Dopa</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-4,5-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-a-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-Dihydroxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-Dioxyphenylalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-α-alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine</synonym>
    <synonym>β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-DL-α-alanine</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C9H11NO4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>197.1879</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>197.068807845</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>63-84-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>NC(CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)</inchi>
  <inchikey>WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.</description>
    <direct_parent>Tyrosine and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Amino acids, peptides, and analogues</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amphetamines and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aralkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monoalkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylalanine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylpropanoic acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-phenylpropanoic-acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amphetamine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aralkylamine</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenylalanine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Tyrosine or derivatives</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>hydroxyphenylalanine</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>tyrosine derivative</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.32</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.78</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.30e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-1.8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>1.65</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>9.06</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>197.1879</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>197.068807845</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>NC(CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C9H11NO4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>103.78</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>49.08</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>19.08</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1380</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1023</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1435</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>7182</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>7183</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>7190</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>7192</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>7200</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>10666</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37648</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
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      <spectrum_id>826</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>439515</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
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  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00609</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id>1IVV</het_id>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30684698&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce306844e0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30684328&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30684170&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683f68&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683db0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683bf8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce306839f0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683838&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683680&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce306834c8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683310&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30683108&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682f50&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682d98&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682be0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682a28&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682820&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682668&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce306824b0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce306822f8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30682140&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30681f60&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30681da8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30681bf0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30681a38&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Anatidae</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anatidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8830</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Beefalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus X Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>297284</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Bison</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9901</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Buffalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bubalus bubalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>89462</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cattle (Beef, Veal)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9913</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chicken</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Gallus gallus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9031</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columbidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8930</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9850</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic goat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capra aegagrus hircus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9925</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic pig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa domestica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9825</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Elk</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervus canadensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1574408</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Emu</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Dromaius novaehollandiae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8790</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oryctolagus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9984</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Greylag goose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anser anser</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8843</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guinea hen</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Numida meleagris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8996</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Horse</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Equus caballus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9796</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mallard duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anas platyrhynchos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8839</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mountain hare</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lepus timidus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>62621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mule deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Odocoileus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9871</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ostrich</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Struthio camelus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8801</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pheasant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianus colchicus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9054</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quail</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9005</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Leporidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9979</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rock ptarmigan</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lagopus muta</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64668</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ovis aries</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9940</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Squab</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8931</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turkey</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Meleagris gallopavo</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9103</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Velvet duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Melanitta fusca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>371864</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild boar</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9823</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P20711</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>DDC</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P07101</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>TH</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
