1.0 2011-09-21 00:16:12 UTC 2015-07-21 06:57:16 UTC FDB022577 Phytanoyl-CoA Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsum's syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698). [HMDB] 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecanoyl CoA 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecanoyl coenzyme A Phytanoyl CoA Phytanoyl Coenzyme A phytanoyl-CoA Phytanoyl-coenzyme A Phytanyl CoA Phytanyl coenzyme A C41H74N7O17P3S 1062.049 1061.407474203 {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[({hydroxy[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl}oxy)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid 146622-45-9 CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C41H74N7O17P3S/c1-26(2)11-8-12-27(3)13-9-14-28(4)15-10-16-29(5)21-32(50)69-20-19-43-31(49)17-18-44-39(53)36(52)41(6,7)23-62-68(59,60)65-67(57,58)61-22-30-35(64-66(54,55)56)34(51)40(63-30)48-25-47-33-37(42)45-24-46-38(33)48/h24-30,34-36,40,51-52H,8-23H2,1-7H3,(H,43,49)(H,44,53)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,54,55,56)/t27-,28-,29+,30-,34-,35-,36?,40-/m1/s1 NRJQGHHZMSOUEN-IYJVDCLDSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. Long-chain fatty acyl CoAs Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Fatty Acyls Fatty acyl thioesters Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoAs 6-aminopurines Aminopyrimidines and derivatives Azacyclic compounds Beta amino acids and derivatives Carbonyl compounds Carbothioic S-esters Coenzyme A and derivatives Diterpenoids Glycosylamines Heteroaromatic compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Imidolactams Monoalkyl phosphates Monosaccharide phosphates N-acyl amines N-substituted imidazoles Organic oxides Organic pyrophosphates Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Pentose phosphates Primary amines Purine ribonucleoside diphosphates Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphates Secondary alcohols Secondary carboxylic acid amides Sulfenyl compounds Tetrahydrofurans Thioesters 6-aminopurine Alcohol Alkyl phosphate Amine Amino acid or derivatives Aminopyrimidine Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound Azacycle Azole Beta amino acid or derivatives Carbonyl group Carbothioic s-ester Carboxamide group Carboxylic acid derivative Coenzyme a or derivatives Diterpenoid Fatty amide Glycosyl compound Heteroaromatic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Imidazole Imidazopyrimidine Imidolactam Monoalkyl phosphate Monosaccharide Monosaccharide phosphate N-acyl-amine N-glycosyl compound N-substituted imidazole Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organic phosphoric acid derivative Organic pyrophosphate Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Organosulfur compound Oxacycle Pentose monosaccharide Pentose phosphate Pentose-5-phosphate Phosphoric acid ester Primary amine Purine Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate Pyrimidine Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Sulfenyl compound Tetrahydrofuran Thiocarboxylic acid ester Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives Solid logp 3.00 ALOGPS logs -3.14 ALOGPS solubility 7.67e-01 g/l ALOGPS logp 0.65 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 0.83 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 4.95 ChemAxon iupac {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid ChemAxon average_mass 1062.049 ChemAxon mono_mass 1061.407474203 ChemAxon smiles CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N ChemAxon formula C41H74N7O17P3S ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C41H74N7O17P3S/c1-26(2)11-8-12-27(3)13-9-14-28(4)15-10-16-29(5)21-32(50)69-20-19-43-31(49)17-18-44-39(53)36(52)41(6,7)23-62-68(59,60)65-67(57,58)61-22-30-35(64-66(54,55)56)34(51)40(63-30)48-25-47-33-37(42)45-24-46-38(33)48/h24-30,34-36,40,51-52H,8-23H2,1-7H3,(H,43,49)(H,44,53)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,54,55,56)/t27-,28-,29+,30-,34-,35-,36?,40-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey NRJQGHHZMSOUEN-IYJVDCLDSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 363.63 ChemAxon refractivity 254.84 ChemAxon polarizability 106.07 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 34 ChemAxon acceptor_count 17 ChemAxon donor_count 9 ChemAxon physiological_charge -4 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Oxidation of Branched Chain Fatty Acids SMP00030 Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation SMP00450 Specdb::MsMs 289984 Specdb::MsMs 289985 Specdb::MsMs 289986 Specdb::MsMs 329572 Specdb::MsMs 329573 Specdb::MsMs 329574 Specdb::MsMs 2421315 Specdb::MsMs 2421316 Specdb::MsMs 2421317 Specdb::MsMs 2544694 Specdb::MsMs 2544695 Specdb::MsMs 2544696 HMDB01359 15538 #<Reference:0x000055ce332e8bf8> #<Reference:0x000055ce332e8a40> #<Reference:0x000055ce332e8860> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase P43155 CRAT