1.0 2011-09-21 00:19:54 UTC 2018-05-29 01:52:53 UTC FDB022807 Fructosamine Fructosamine is a compound which can be considered as the result of a reaction between fructose and ammonia or an amine (with a molecule of water being released). A fructosamine is also formed when carbonyl group of glucose reacts with an amino group of a protein, as the double bond to oxygen moves from the end carbon atom to the next carbon atom and water is released. Fructosamines formed from blood proteins such as serum albumin are known as Glycated Serum Protein (GSP) or Glycated Albumin, and are used to identify the plasma glucose concentration over time and so assess diabetic control. (wikipedia) Glucose molecules are joined to protein molecules to form stable ketoamines, or fructosamines, through glycation, a nonenzymatic mechanism involving a labile Schiff base intermediate and the Amadori rearrangement. The amount of fructosamine in serum is increased in diabetes mellitus owing to the abnormally high concentration of sugar in blood. The concentration of fructosamine in serum thus reflects the degree of glycemic control attained by the diabetic patient and is useful in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy in diabetes over a period of several weeks, in a manner analogous to the determination of glycated hemoglobin. Of the analytical approaches used to measure fructosamine, affinity chromatography with m-aminophenylboronic acid and the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method appear to be the most practical means for clinical chemists to assay fructosamine quickly, economically, and accurately. Fructosamine values can readily distinguish normal individuals and diabetic patients in good glycemic control from diabetics in poor control. Unlike glycated hemoglobin, which reflects the average blood sugar concentration over the past six to eight weeks, fructosamine reflects the average blood sugar concentration over the past two to three weeks. Thus a clinical advantage is that fructosamine responds more quickly to changes in therapy, thereby allowing for improved glycemic control. It is used in conjunction with determinations of blood sugar and (or) of glycated hemoglobin, or by itself, the fructosamine assay can provide clinically useful information for the detection and control of diabetes. (PMID: 3319287) [HMDB] 1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose D-Isoglucosamine C6H13NO5 179.1711 179.079372531 (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(aminomethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(aminomethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol 4429-04-3 NC[C@@]1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-2-6(11)5(10)4(9)3(8)1-12-6/h3-5,8-11H,1-2,7H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1 IXZISFNWUWKBOM-ARQDHWQXSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are compounds containing one carbohydrate unit not glycosidically linked to another such unit, and no set of two or more glycosidically linked carbohydrate units. Monosaccharides have the general formula CnH2nOn. Monosaccharides Organic compounds Organic oxygen compounds Organooxygen compounds Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds Hemiacetals Hydrocarbon derivatives Monoalkylamines Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Polyols Secondary alcohols Alcohol Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound Amine Hemiacetal Hydrocarbon derivative Monosaccharide Organic nitrogen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organopnictogen compound Oxacycle Oxane Polyol Primary aliphatic amine Primary amine Secondary alcohol Solid logp -2.71 ALOGPS logs 0.74 ALOGPS solubility 9.90e+02 g/l ALOGPS logp -2.9 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 10.71 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 8.17 ChemAxon iupac (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(aminomethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol ChemAxon average_mass 179.1711 ChemAxon mono_mass 179.079372531 ChemAxon smiles NC[C@@]1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ChemAxon formula C6H13NO5 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-2-6(11)5(10)4(9)3(8)1-12-6/h3-5,8-11H,1-2,7H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey IXZISFNWUWKBOM-ARQDHWQXSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 116.17 ChemAxon refractivity 38.02 ChemAxon polarizability 16.43 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 1 ChemAxon acceptor_count 6 ChemAxon donor_count 5 ChemAxon physiological_charge 1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::CMs 19459 Specdb::CMs 38233 Specdb::CMs 146832 Specdb::MsIr 1544 Specdb::MsIr 1545 Specdb::MsIr 1546 Specdb::MsMs 309259 Specdb::MsMs 309260 Specdb::MsMs 309261 Specdb::MsMs 353644 Specdb::MsMs 353645 Specdb::MsMs 353646 Specdb::MsMs 2358534 Specdb::MsMs 2358535 Specdb::MsMs 2358536 Specdb::MsMs 2603156 Specdb::MsMs 2603157 Specdb::MsMs 2603158 Specdb::NmrOneD 10042 Specdb::NmrOneD 10043 Specdb::NmrOneD 10044 Specdb::NmrOneD 10045 Specdb::NmrOneD 10046 Specdb::NmrOneD 10047 Specdb::NmrOneD 10048 Specdb::NmrOneD 10049 Specdb::NmrOneD 10050 Specdb::NmrOneD 10051 Specdb::NmrOneD 10052 Specdb::NmrOneD 10053 Specdb::NmrOneD 10054 Specdb::NmrOneD 10055 Specdb::NmrOneD 10056 Specdb::NmrOneD 10057 Specdb::NmrOneD 10058 Specdb::NmrOneD 10059 Specdb::NmrOneD 10060 Specdb::NmrOneD 10061 HMDB02030 24103 #<Reference:0x000055ce3072d4f0> #<Reference:0x000055ce3072d2c0> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Fructosamine-3-kinase Q9H479 FN3K G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase Q13569 TDG Ketosamine-3-kinase Q9HA64 FN3KRP