| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:04:40 UTC |
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| Update date | 2020-09-17 15:39:05 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB000678 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | (S)-Naringenin |
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| Description | Naringenin, also known as (2S)-naringenin or naringetol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. Thus, naringenin is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. Naringenin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Naringenin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Naringenin is a bitter tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Naringenin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as sweet oranges, common oregano, and mexican oregano and in a lower concentration in sorghums, grape wines, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine). Naringenin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as saffrons, white lupines, alpine sweetvetchs, dates, and elderberries. This could make naringenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. |
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| CAS Number | 480-41-1 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | Source |
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| (-)-(2S)-Naringenin | ChEBI | | (2S)-Naringenin | ChEBI | | (S)-2,3-Dihydo-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | ChEBI | | 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone | ChEBI | | Naringetol | ChEBI | | Pelargidanon | ChEBI | | Salipurpol | ChEBI | | (-)-Naringenin | HMDB | | Asahina | HMDB | | Naringenine | HMDB | | Salipurol | HMDB | | (2S)-2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | PhytoBank | | (2S)-4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone | PhytoBank | | (2S)-4’,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone | PhytoBank | | (S)-Naringenin | PhytoBank | | S-Dihydrogenistein | PhytoBank | | 5,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavanone | PhytoBank | | 5,7,4’-Trihydroxyflavanone | PhytoBank | | (-)-(2S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one | biospider | | (2S)-4',5,7-Trihydroxy-flavanone | manual | | 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (2S)- | manual | | Naringenin | biospider |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | C15H12O5 |
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| IUPAC name | (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H12O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)13-7-12(19)15-11(18)5-10(17)6-14(15)20-13/h1-6,13,16-18H,7H2/t13-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | FTVWIRXFELQLPI-ZDUSSCGKSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | [H][C@]1(CC(=O)C2=C(O1)C=C(O)C=C2O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 272.2528 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 272.068473494 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavanones. Flavanones are compounds containing a flavan-3-one moiety, with a structure characterized by a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran bearing a ketone at the carbon C3. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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| Class | Flavonoids |
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| Sub Class | Flavans |
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| Direct Parent | Flavanones |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Flavanone
- Hydroxyflavonoid
- 4'-hydroxyflavonoid
- 5-hydroxyflavonoid
- 7-hydroxyflavonoid
- Chromone
- Benzopyran
- Chromane
- 1-benzopyran
- Aryl alkyl ketone
- Aryl ketone
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Alkyl aryl ether
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Vinylogous acid
- Ketone
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Ether
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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| Role | Industrial application: Biological role: |
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| Foods | Fruits and vegetables: |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Physical state | Solid | |
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| Physical Description | Not Available | |
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| Mass Composition | C 66.17%; H 4.44%; O 29.38% | DFC |
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| Melting Point | Mp 250-251° (227-228°) | DFC |
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| Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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| Experimental Water Solubility | Not Available | |
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| Experimental logP | 2.52 | PERRISSOUD,D & TESTA,B (1986) |
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| Experimental pKa | Not Available | |
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| Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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| Charge | Not Available | |
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| Optical Rotation | [a]27D -22.5 (MeOH) | DFC |
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| Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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| Density | Not Available | |
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| Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | |
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| EI-MS/GC-MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00fs-1951400000-0e93ea96a72cb2a5a868 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0a4r-2961300000-725a9d843a4286e86b06 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00fs-1951400000-0e93ea96a72cb2a5a868 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0a4r-2961300000-725a9d843a4286e86b06 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00fs-1951400000-44c9c035aeffcacf4e8c | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-004l-1931100000-ec4d00bbd2895d4d5f9c | Spectrum | | GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0a4r-2961300000-6cd5d798a9dad326f771 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-006x-1290000000-3182db290eb43c661919 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, 3 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-01b9-2531900000-0583af94457df8aad759 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | (S)-Naringenin, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
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| MS/MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated) | splash10-00di-0190000000-ba73aef4d7cf20a2777d | 2012-07-25 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated) | splash10-066r-3900000000-98ba56d82461a2dc7f6f | 2012-07-25 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated) | splash10-02t9-9600000000-005d5eb55c1f6f3b893d | 2012-07-25 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 5V, Positive | splash10-00di-0090000000-87dba9fe511299bf27e8 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 5V, Positive | splash10-00di-0090000000-52282430f89f3cfd51ff | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative | splash10-0g4i-1960000000-74e384d175dd4f05938c | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative | splash10-014i-1900000000-702ce5f0315e56bb08a0 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-0udi-2900000000-aeb81b324d8162537df3 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-0fk9-1960000000-b4a541e5476f88624522 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative | splash10-000i-0090000000-cfa015b97699d9b8d3a9 | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 25V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 40V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 30V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-08-14 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative | splash10-00di-0090000000-dae76236c5699dabc079 | 2017-09-12 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 25V, Negative | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-5295f7ce31d20a80235c | 2017-09-12 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative | splash10-00di-0090010000-5e9a02398f13b71eccfb | 2017-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-00di-0290000000-32844ab19a143b70951b | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0fk9-0980000000-93073e4c39e23c3099c5 | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0uki-4900000000-8d2daa4eb7a40b866718 | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-00di-0090000000-b29e35ecf9be0aa440c2 | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-00di-1390000000-e9112df7c7b29664a011 | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-014l-6920000000-3b7e4e282dc4008e8c8e | 2017-07-26 | View Spectrum |
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| NMR | | Type | Description | | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | | Spectrum |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 388383 |
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| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL9352 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C00509 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 439246 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 17846 |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | 201 |
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| DrugBank ID | DB03467 |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB02670 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | BFM77-B:BFM78-C |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | NARINGENIN |
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| BIGG ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00000982 |
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| HET ID | NAR |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Naringenin |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | 201 |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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| Food | | | Reference |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| 11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, reducing glucocorticoid activity. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like Cushing's syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disorders, by regulating cortisol levels and improving insulin sensitivity. | DUKE | | Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE | | Anti acetylcholinesterase | 38462 | An agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels. It enhances cholinergic transmission, used therapeutically to treat Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, improving cognitive function, muscle strength, and reducing intraocular pressure. | DUKE | | Anti aflatoxin | 35222 | An agent that neutralizes or removes aflatoxins, toxic compounds produced by mold, reducing the risk of liver damage and cancer. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent aflatoxin poisoning, commonly in food safety and liver protection applications, and may have potential in cancer prevention and treatment. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-Alzheimeran | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease, reducing beta-amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and memory, commonly used in managing mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE | | Anti amnesic | 52217 | An agent that enhances memory and cognitive function, countering amnesia. It plays a biological role in neurotransmitter regulation, particularly acetylcholine and dopamine. Therapeutically, it's used to manage Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and other memory-related disorders, improving memory retention and recall. | DUKE | | Anti amyloid-beta | | An agent that targets and reduces amyloid-beta peptides, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, to slow cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, with potential therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's treatment and prevention. | DUKE | | Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE | | Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE | | Anti-escherichic | | An antibody binding to Escherichia-specific targets, playing a role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it is used to combat E. coli infections, with key medical applications in treating urinary tract infections, sepsis, and gastrointestinal diseases. | DUKE | | Anti estrogenic | 35222 | An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth. | DUKE | | Anti-fibrotic | | An agent that inhibits excessive fibrous tissue formation, reducing scarring and organ damage. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and kidney fibrosis, slowing disease progression and improving organ function. | DUKE | | Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE | | Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE | | Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE | | Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti peristaltic | | An agent that opposes the force of peristalsis, reducing muscle contractions in the digestive tract. Its biological role is to slow down gut movement, and it has therapeutic applications in managing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal spasms. Key medical uses include treating bowel disorders and preventing opioid-induced constipation. | DUKE | | Anti peroxidative | | An agent that counters or inhibits peroxidation, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from lipid peroxidation. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing oxidative stress-related disorders, with key medical uses in neuroprotection, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular health. | DUKE | | Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE | | Anti-sindhis | | No description available as "anti-sindhis" does not appear to be a recognized medical term. It's possible that it may be a misspelling or a non-medical term. If you meant to ask about a different term, please provide more context or clarify the correct term. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti-staphylococcic | 33282 | An agent that combats Staphylococcus infections, playing a crucial role in preventing bacterial growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Key medical uses include treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other staphylococcal infections, reducing the risk of infection and promoting wound healing. | DUKE | | Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE | | Antitumor promoter | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and progression, reducing cancer cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it prevents tumor development and spread, with key medical uses in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in combating carcinogenesis and metastasis. | DUKE | | Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE | | Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE | | Aphidifuge | 25944 | An agent that repels aphids, used in agriculture to protect plants. Biologically, it disrupts aphid feeding and reproduction. Therapeutically, it has been explored for its potential insecticidal and antiparasitic properties, with possible applications in managing insect-borne diseases and parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Aromatase inhibitor | 50790 | An agent that blocks the activity of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, reducing estrogen levels. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, endometriosis, and infertility, by decreasing estrogen-dependent growth and symptoms. | DUKE | | cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), increasing its levels and enhancing cellular signaling. Therapeutically, it is used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as certain cardiovascular conditions. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Candidicide | | An agent that kills Candida species, such as Candida albicans, reducing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat candidiasis, with key medical applications in managing oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and other fungal diseases. | DUKE | | Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE | | Cytochrome-P450 inhibitor | 50183 | An agent that blocks the activity of cytochrome-P450 enzymes, reducing drug metabolism. Therapeutically, it's used to increase the efficacy of certain medications, manage drug interactions, and treat conditions like erectile dysfunction, by inhibiting the breakdown of key drugs, allowing them to remain active in the body for a longer period. | DUKE | | Decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of decarboxylase enzymes, reducing neurotransmitter production. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder by regulating dopamine and serotonin levels, and is also used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease. | DUKE | | Embryotoxic | 52209 | An agent that is toxic to embryos, causing harm or malformation during fetal development. Its biological role is to induce teratogenic effects, and it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include serving as a warning for substances that pose risks during pregnancy, guiding prenatal care and medication management to prevent birth defects. | DUKE | | Estrogenic | | An agent that mimics the effects of estrogen, regulating female reproductive processes and development. Therapeutically, estrogenic agents are used in hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and treating menopausal symptoms, as well as certain cases of osteoporosis and infertility. | DUKE | | Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE | | Fungistat | | An agent that inhibits fungal growth, used to prevent fungal infections, commonly applied in therapeutic applications such as treating skin and nail infections, and managing fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients. | DUKE | | Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE | | Neuroprotective | 63726 | An agent that protects nerve cells from damage or degeneration, reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutically, it helps manage conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke, promoting neuronal survival and function. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Serotonin inhibitor | 48279 | An agent that blocks the activity of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions like anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder by reducing serotonin levels, thereby alleviating symptoms. Key medical uses include managing mood disorders, appetite regulation, and sleep patterns. | DUKE | | Teratogenic | 50905 | An agent that causes abnormal fetal development, disrupting embryonic growth and leading to birth defects. Its biological role is associated with developmental toxicity, and it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include serving as a warning for substances that pose risks during pregnancy, guiding prenatal care and medication management to prevent birth defects. | DUKE | | TNF-alpha inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reducing inflammation and immune responses. Therapeutically used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease, by decreasing inflammation and slowing disease progression. | DUKE | | Topoisomerase-I inhibitor | 50276 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase I, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It is used therapeutically in cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors, by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting cancer cell growth, with key medical uses in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers. | DUKE | | Utero trophic | 52217 | A hormone that stimulates uterine growth and development, playing a crucial role in pregnancy. Therapeutically, it's used to support embryonic implantation and fetal development, with key medical applications in infertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and recurrent miscarriage prevention. | DUKE |
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| Enzymes | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | | Flavor | Citations |
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| bitter |
- Ayana Wiener, Marina Shudler, Anat Levit, Masha Y. Niv. BitterDB: a database of bitter compounds. Nucleic Acids Res 2012, 40(Database issue):D413-419. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr755
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| Files |
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| MSDS | show |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | — Rothwell JA, Pérez-Jiménez J, Neveu V, Medina-Ramon A, M'Hiri N, Garcia Lobato P, Manach C, Knox K, Eisner R, Wishart D, Scalbert A. (2013) Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database, 10.1093/database/bat070.
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.
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