<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:08:17 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 03:03:19 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB008857</accession>
  <name>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</name>
  <description>3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (or Dihydrocaffeic acid, DHCA) is a metabolite product of the hydrogenation of caffeoylquinic acids, occurring in normal human biofluids, with potent antioxidant properties. DHCA has been detected in human plasma following coffee ingestion (PMID 15607645), and is increased with some dietary sources, such as after ingestion of phenolic constituents of artichoke leaf extract. (PMID 15693705) Polyphenol-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits have been shown to significantly improve platelet function in ex vivo studies in humans. (PMID 16038718) Its antioxidant activity has been tested to reduce ferric iron in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and it has been suggested that its catechol structure convey the antioxidant effect in plasma and in erythrocytes. (PMID 11768243) [HMDB]. 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid is found in red beetroot, common beet, and olive.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-(6ci,7ci,8ci)hydrocinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-(6ci,7ci,8ci)hydrocinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-b-phenylpropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-b-phenylpropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzenepropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzenepropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, 9CI</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzenepropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxydihydrocinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxydihydrocinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 8CI</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihydrocaffeate</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihydrocaffeic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Hydrocaffeate</synonym>
    <synonym>Hydrocaffeic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C9H10O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>182.1733</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>182.057908808</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>dihydrocaffeic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>1078-61-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1,3,5,10-11H,2,4H2,(H,12,13)</inchi>
  <inchikey>DZAUWHJDUNRCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid.</description>
    <direct_parent>Phenylpropanoic acids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Phenylpropanoic acids</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Catechols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-phenylpropanoic-acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Catechol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>catechols</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monocarboxylic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.04</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.84</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.62e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>1.45</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.84</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-6.3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>182.1733</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>182.057908808</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C9H10O4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c10-7-3-1-6(5-8(7)11)2-4-9(12)13/h1,3,5,10-11H,2,4H2,(H,12,13)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>DZAUWHJDUNRCTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>77.76</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>45.93</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>17.85</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1307</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>502</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>503</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>504</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143830</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143831</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143832</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143833</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143834</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143835</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143836</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143837</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143838</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143839</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143840</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143841</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143842</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143843</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143844</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143845</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143846</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143847</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143848</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>143849</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>626</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>627</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>628</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4052</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4053</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4054</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4055</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4056</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12215</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12216</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12217</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18887</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18888</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18889</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437534</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437535</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437536</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437537</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>437538</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2374443</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2374444</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2374445</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2560461</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2560462</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2560463</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1675</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5557</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31142</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37522</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>148240</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061356</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061358</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061359</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061361</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061368</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061370</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061372</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061374</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061376</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1061378</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00423</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce328aac18&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce328aa8d0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce328aa628&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce328aa308&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce328a9f70&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Apple cider</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Arabica coffee</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Coffea arabica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13443</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Broccoli</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. italica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>36774</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Coffee</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific>Coffea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13442</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common beet</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Beta vulgaris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>161934</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common wheat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Triticum aestivum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4565</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Corn</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Zea mays</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4577</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grape</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vitis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3603</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lemon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus limon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2708</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lettuce</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lactuca sativa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4236</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lime</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus aurantiifolia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>159033</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Olive</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Olea europaea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4146</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>3.75</average_value>
      <max_value>6.0</max_value>
      <min_value>1.5</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Red beetroot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Beta vulgaris var. rubra</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Robusta coffee</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Coffea canephora</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>49390</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Spinach</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Spinacia oleracea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3562</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wheat bread</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-oxidant</name>
      <id>502</id>
      <definition>A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
