Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:09:58 UTC
Update date2020-04-21 18:03:35 UTC
Primary IDFDB012062
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameButanoic acid
DescriptionFound in fresh and cooked apples, banana, sour cherry, papaya, strawberries, wheat bread, cheeses, butter and coffee. Flavouring agent Butyric acid (from Greek ???????? = butter), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, vomit, and body odor and has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 ppb, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 ppm.; Butyric acid is a fatty acid occurring in the form of esters in animal fats and plant oils. The triglyceride of butyric acid makes up 3% to 4% of butter. When butter goes rancid, butyric acid is liberated from the glyceride by hydrolysis leading to the unpleasant odor. It is an important member of the fatty acid sub-group called short chain fatty acids. Butyric acid is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.82, similar to acetic acid which has pKa 4.76. The similar strength of these acids results from their common -CH2COOH terminal structure. Pure butyric acid is 10.9 molar.; Butyric acid, a four-carbon fatty acid, is formed in the human colon by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (including dietary fiber), and putatively suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC). Butyrate has diverse and apparently paradoxical effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation that may be either pro-neoplastic or anti-neoplastic, depending upon factors such as the level of exposure, availability of other metabolic substrate and the intracellular milieu. In humans, the relationship between luminal butyrate exposure and CRC has been examined only indirectly in case-control studies, by measuring fecal butyrate concentrations, although this may not accurately reflect effective butyrate exposure during carcinogenesis. Perhaps not surprisingly, results of these investigations have been mutually contradictory. The direct effect of butyrate on tumorigenesis has been assessed in a no. of in vivo animal models, which have also yielded conflicting results. In part, this may be explained by methodology: differences in the amount and route of butyrate administration, which are likely to significantly influence delivery of butyrate to the distal colon. (PMID: 16460475) Butyric acid is a carboxylic acid found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, and vomit, and has an unpleasant odor and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). Butyric acid is a fatty acid occurring in the form of esters in animal fats and plant oils. Interestingly, low-molecular-weight esters of butyric acid, such as methyl butyrate, have mostly pleasant aromas or tastes. As a consequence, they find use as food and perfume additives. Butyrate is produced as end-product of a fermentation process solely performed by obligate anaerobic bacteria.; The acid is an oily colorless liquid that is easily soluble in water, ethanol, and ether, and can be separated from an aqueous phase by saturation with salts such as calcium chloride. Potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid oxidize it to carbon dioxide and acetic acid, while alkaline potassium permanganate oxidizes it to carbon dioxide. The calcium salt, Ca(C4H7O2)2·H2O, is less soluble in hot water than in cold.
CAS Number107-92-6
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
SynonymSource
1-Butanoic acidChEBI
1-Butyric acidChEBI
1-Propanecarboxylic acidChEBI
4:0ChEBI
Acide butanoiqueChEBI
Acide butyriqueChEBI
Butanic acidChEBI
ButanoateChEBI
Butanoic acidChEBI
Butoic acidChEBI
ButtersaeureChEBI
C4:0ChEBI
CH3-[CH2]2-COOHChEBI
Ethylacetic acidChEBI
N-Butanoic acidChEBI
N-Butyric acidChEBI
Propanecarboxylic acidChEBI
Propylformic acidChEBI
ButyrateKegg
1-ButanoateGenerator
1-ButyrateGenerator
1-PropanecarboxylateGenerator
ButanateGenerator
ButoateGenerator
EthylacetateGenerator
N-ButanoateGenerator
N-ButyrateGenerator
PropanecarboxylateGenerator
PropylformateGenerator
Honey robberHMDB
Kyselina maselnaHMDB
Butyrate, magnesiumHMDB
Magnesium butyrateHMDB
Acid, butyricHMDB
Butyrate, sodiumHMDB
Dibutyrate, magnesiumHMDB
Magnesium dibutyrateHMDB
Sodium butyrateHMDB
Acid, butanoicHMDB
Butyric acid magnesium saltHMDB
Butyric acid, sodium saltHMDB
FA(4:0)HMDB
Butyric acidKEGG
1-butanoatebiospider
1-butanoic acidbiospider
1ugpbiospider
2-butanoatebiospider
BEObiospider
BUAbiospider
butanoic acid, 4biospider
Butyrate (n-C4:0)biospider
Butyrate, sodium saltbiospider
Butyric acid [UN2820] [Corrosive]biospider
Butyric_acidbiospider
Ethyacetic acidbiospider
FEMA 2221db_source
N-butanoatebiospider
N-butanoic acidbiospider
N-butyratebiospider
N-butyric acidbiospider
n-C3H7COOHbiospider
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility239 g/LALOGPS
logP0.78ALOGPS
logP0.92ChemAxon
logS0.43ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.91ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity21.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability9.22 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC4H8O2
IUPAC namebutanoic acid
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H8O2/c1-2-3-4(5)6/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6)
InChI KeyFERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESCCCC(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight88.1051
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight88.0524295
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as straight chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with a straight aliphatic chain.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentStraight chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
OntologyNo ontology term
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateLiquid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionC 54.53%; H 9.15%; O 36.32%DFC
Melting PointMp -8°DFC
Boiling PointBp 163.5°DFC
Experimental Water Solubility60 mg/mL at 25 oCHEMPHILL,L & SWANSON,WS (1964)
Experimental logP0.79HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKapKa 4.82 (25°)DFC
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
Densityd204 0.96DFC
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
EI-MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-03di-9000000000-5338ff8a9c4e59150aba2014-09-20View Spectrum
GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-03dl-9000000000-6dc57ea0c6b21d3f8aa1Spectrum
GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-03dl-9000000000-032fc35b394786b5896aSpectrum
GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-03dl-9000000000-6dc57ea0c6b21d3f8aa1Spectrum
GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-03dl-9000000000-032fc35b394786b5896aSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002f-9000000000-a7792b54320e7c859731Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSButanoic acid, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fr-9100000000-d125b331c4a6d37648a1Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSButanoic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSButanoic acid, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-000i-9000000000-7f461db56bfd8568ec712012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-000i-9000000000-66f857fa612f773837bc2012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)splash10-000i-9000000000-e6689b2e6bf21570b9342012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positivesplash10-03dl-9000000000-b2ffa7d67b2466dea94f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positivesplash10-03dl-9000000000-7467bf19c64fd3f511052012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-9ae015043b014b3c93d92012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-e30b3c6bd6218b9b49e12012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-efbb0e35a19a1713240b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-9ae015043b014b3c93d92017-09-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-e30b3c6bd6218b9b49e12017-09-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-efbb0e35a19a1713240b2017-09-14View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-acb5cf0017a9ee680dd82015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-812e24462a71dccb0fec2015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-f9d30338ca1ee94099642015-05-26View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-9d749b6b6cf2f93a8f852015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-00ku-9000000000-ee742730266fb49977772015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-88fc445cddcb726e93d82015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-9000000000-4b3590a18d40d4d58a012021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014r-9000000000-140190568a3f2b3c6f012021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00kf-9000000000-1f7dab1fbd0179ef6d172021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-020fcfb652dc5a6f30362021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-3e4b1bc1291a3fbf86c92021-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-1f57e9adb6de1499caf52021-09-22View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 15.09 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID259
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL14227
KEGG Compound IDC00246
Pubchem Compound ID264
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30772
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDDB03568
HMDB IDHMDB00039
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDHCX15-D:HCX15-D
EAFUS ID438
Dr. Duke ID1-BUTYRIC-ACID|BUTYRIC-ACID|BUTANOIC-ACID|N-BUTYRIC-ACID
BIGG ID34376
KNApSAcK IDC00001180
HET IDBUA
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet ID107-92-6
GoodScent IDrw1003411
SuperScent ID264
Wikipedia IDButyric acid
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
anti cancer35610 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.DUKE
antitumor35610 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.DUKE
apoptoticDUKE
bruchifuge25944 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.DUKE
flavor48318 A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell.DUKE
nematistatDUKE
pesticide25944 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.DUKE
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
CholinesteraseBCHEP06276
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaPPARGP37231
Tumor necrosis factorTNFP01375
Histone deacetylase 4HDAC4P56524
Histone deacetylase 9HDAC9Q9UKV0
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Butyrate MetabolismSMP00073 map00650
Fatty Acid BiosynthesisSMP00456 Not Available
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
rancid
  1. Arn, H, Acree TE. “Flavornet: A database of aroma compounds based on odor potency in natural products”. Developments in Food Science 40 (1998): 27. doi:10.1016/S0167-4501(98)80029-0
cheese
  1. Arn, H, Acree TE. “Flavornet: A database of aroma compounds based on odor potency in natural products”. Developments in Food Science 40 (1998): 27. doi:10.1016/S0167-4501(98)80029-0
  2. Dunkel, M. et al. SuperScent – a database of flavors and scents. Nucleic Acids Research 2008, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn695
  3. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
sweat
  1. Arn, H, Acree TE. “Flavornet: A database of aroma compounds based on odor potency in natural products”. Developments in Food Science 40 (1998): 27. doi:10.1016/S0167-4501(98)80029-0
sharp
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
acetic
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
butter
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
fruit
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008).
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.