| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Anti-allergic | 50857 | An agent that reduces or blocks allergic reactions, commonly used to manage symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, and inflammation, by inhibiting the release of histamine and other chemical mediators, providing relief in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and skin allergies. | DUKE |
| Anti-angiogenic | 48422 | An agent that inhibits the formation of new blood vessels, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment by starving tumors of oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutically, it is used to manage cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases characterized by excessive angiogenesis, reducing tumor growth and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti-atherogenic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or reduces the formation of atheromas (plaques) in arteries, thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. It inhibits the biological processes leading to atherosclerosis, and has therapeutic applications in managing hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, with key medical uses including reducing inflammation and improving lipid profiles. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti carcinogenic | 35610 | An agent that prevents or inhibits the formation of cancer, reducing tumor growth and proliferation. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from DNA damage and mutation. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent cancer development, with key medical applications in chemotherapy, radiation protection, and cancer prevention programs. | DUKE |
| Anti carcinomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, playing a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage and treat various types of cancer, reducing tumor size and slowing disease progression, with key medical uses in oncology and chemotherapy. | DUKE |
| Anti-cataract | 52217 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of cataracts, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the lens of the eye, commonly used to manage age-related cataracts and other ocular disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti complementary | | A substance that diminishes or abolishes the action of a complement, playing a role in regulating the immune system. Therapeutically, it's used to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Key medical uses include treating autoimmune disorders, transplant rejection, and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti dermatic | 50177 | An agent that reduces skin inflammation and allergic reactions, commonly used in managing dermatitis, eczema, and other skin disorders, providing relief from itching, redness, and irritation. | DUKE |
| Anti estrogenic | 35222 | An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth. | DUKE |
| Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE |
| Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE |
| Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE |
| Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE |
| Anti-lymphomic | | An agent that targets and destroys lymphatic cells that form tumors, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage lymphomas, with key medical applications in chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat blood cell cancers. | DUKE |
| Anti-melanomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing melanoma cell growth. It has therapeutic applications in treating skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and key medical uses include preventing tumor progression and metastasis, as well as managing pigmentation disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti nociceptive | 35470 | An agent that reduces the sensitivity to painful stimuli, blocking the transmission of pain signals. Its biological role is to modulate pain perception, with therapeutic applications in managing acute and chronic pain. Key medical uses include treating headaches, arthritis, and post-surgical pain, as well as providing relief for cancer and neuropathic pain. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti polio | 22587 | An agent that prevents poliovirus infection, inducing immunity to protect against poliomyelitis. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent and control polio outbreaks, commonly administered through vaccination to promote herd immunity and eradicate the disease. | DUKE |
| Anti proliferant | | An agent that prevents or inhibits cell growth and division, used therapeutically to treat cancer, manage tumor growth, and prevent restenosis after angioplasty, reducing abnormal cell proliferation. | DUKE |
| Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti-tussive | 52217 | An agent that suppresses coughing, reducing the frequency and severity of coughs. It works by targeting the brain's cough center, providing therapeutic relief for dry, irritating coughs. Key medical uses include managing coughs associated with colds, flu, and other respiratory conditions. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Aphidifuge | 25944 | An agent that repels aphids, used in agriculture to protect plants. Biologically, it disrupts aphid feeding and reproduction. Therapeutically, it has been explored for its potential insecticidal and antiparasitic properties, with possible applications in managing insect-borne diseases and parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Apoptotic | | An agent that stimulates programmed cell death, playing a crucial biological role in eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, and key medical uses include inducing cell death in malignant cells, reducing tumor growth, and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. | DUKE |
| Aromatase inhibitor | 50790 | An agent that blocks the activity of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, reducing estrogen levels. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, endometriosis, and infertility, by decreasing estrogen-dependent growth and symptoms. | DUKE |
| Beta-glucuronidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that breaks down glucuronides. It reduces the toxicity of certain drugs and is used to manage conditions like cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and irinotecan-induced diarrhea, improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. | DUKE |
| Calcium antagonist | 48706 | A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Chemopreventive | 35610 | An agent that prevents or delays the development of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor formation and progression. It plays a biological role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention, with key medical uses including reducing the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. | DUKE |
| Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE |
| Cytotoxic | 52209 | An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells. | DUKE |
| Deiodinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of deiodinases, enzymes involved in thyroid hormone regulation. It reduces thyroid hormone conversion, commonly used in managing thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism, and certain types of cancer, including thyroid cancer. | DUKE |
| Differentiator | | An agent that induces cell differentiation, promoting mature cell formation. Its biological role involves regulating cell growth and development. Therapeutically, it has applications in cancer treatment, helping to mature cancer cells, making them more susceptible to chemotherapy. Key medical uses include leukemia and other malignancies, where differentiation therapy can improve treatment outcomes. | DUKE |
| Diuretic | 35498 | An agent that increases urine production, helping remove excess fluids and salts from the body. It plays a key biological role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Therapeutically, diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and heart failure, helping reduce swelling and lower blood pressure. | DUKE |
| Estrogenic | | An agent that mimics the effects of estrogen, regulating female reproductive processes and development. Therapeutically, estrogenic agents are used in hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and treating menopausal symptoms, as well as certain cases of osteoporosis and infertility. | DUKE |
| Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE |
| Hyaluronidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid. This inhibition helps maintain hyaluronic acid levels, reducing inflammation and improving tissue hydration, with therapeutic applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and oncology, and key medical uses in treating dry eye, wrinkles, and certain cancers. | DUKE |
| Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| ICAM-1 inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reducing inflammation and immune cell adhesion. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, by minimizing immune cell infiltration and tissue damage. | DUKE |
| IKK inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of I_B kinase (IKK), reducing inflammation and immune responses. Therapeutically, it's used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and certain cancers, by inhibiting NF-_B signaling pathways. | DUKE |
| iNOS inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reducing excessive nitric oxide production. It has therapeutic applications in managing inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses in treating conditions such as sepsis, arthritis, and stroke. | DUKE |
| Iodothyronine-deiodinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of iodothyronine-deiodinase, regulating thyroid hormone levels. It is used therapeutically to manage thyroid disorders, particularly in cases of hyperthyroidism, and has potential applications in treating thyroid-related conditions, such as Graves' disease and thyroid cancer. | DUKE |
| Lipoxygenase inhibitor | 35856 | An agent that blocks the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Key medical uses include treating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Mitogen-activated-protein-kinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, reducing inflammation and cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, by inhibiting signaling pathways involved in disease progression. | DUKE |
| Metalloproteinase inhibitor | 50664 | An agent that blocks the activity of metalloproteinases, enzymes involved in tissue degradation and inflammation. Therapeutically, it reduces inflammation, tumor growth, and metastasis, commonly used in managing cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor | 50664 | An agent that blocks the activity of matrix-metalloproteinase-9, reducing tissue degradation and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases, where MMP-9 plays a key role in disease progression. | DUKE |
| Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE |
| Neutral-endopeptidase inhibitor | 59107 | An agent that blocks the activity of neutral endopeptidase, an enzyme that breaks down peptides. This inhibition increases the levels of peptides like natriuretic peptides, enhancing vasodilation and diuresis. Therapeutically, it is used to treat heart failure, hypertension, and edema, by reducing blood pressure and fluid retention. | DUKE |
| NF-kappa-B inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of NF-kappa-B, a protein complex involved in inflammation and immune responses, reducing inflammation and cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. | DUKE |
| Nitric-oxide inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the production of nitric oxide, reducing inflammation and vascular relaxation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, and septic shock, by constricting blood vessels and improving blood pressure. Key medical uses include cardiovascular and critical care applications. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Protein kinase C inhibitor | 37700 | An agent that blocks protein kinase C activity, reducing cell signaling and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, with key medical applications in managing Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and stroke. | DUKE |
| Proliferant | | A mildly irritating substance used in sclerotherapy to strengthen weakened connective tissues, promoting tissue growth and repair, commonly used to treat varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and other vascular conditions. | DUKE |
| Prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the production of prostaglandins, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and fever, by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, thereby alleviating symptoms. | DUKE |
| Protein-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of protein-tyrosine kinases, enzymes involved in cell signaling and growth. Therapeutically, it reduces abnormal cell proliferation, commonly used in managing cancer, particularly leukemia and solid tumors, by inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. | DUKE |
| Succinoxidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of succinoxidase, an enzyme in the citric acid cycle. It has therapeutic applications in managing mitochondrial dysfunction and is used to treat conditions such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases by inhibiting energy production in affected cells. | DUKE |
| TNF-alpha inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reducing inflammation and immune responses. Therapeutically used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease, by decreasing inflammation and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-I inhibitor | 50276 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase I, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It is used therapeutically in cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors, by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting cancer cell growth, with key medical uses in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers. | DUKE |
| Vasodilator | 35620 | An agent that widens blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure, improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload. | DUKE |
| VEGF inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), reducing angiogenesis. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting tumor growth and abnormal blood vessel formation. | DUKE |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitor | 35634 | An agent that blocks xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gout, hyperuricemia, and prevent kidney stones, with key applications in managing cardiovascular disease and improving kidney function. | DUKE |
