1.0 2010-04-08 22:10:22 UTC 2025-11-18 23:39:39 UTC FDB012801 Ferulic acid Ferulic acid, also known as ferulate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Ferulic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ferulic acid can be synthesized from cis-cinnamic acid. Ferulic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid, (2R,3R)-cis-fertaric acid, and (Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoylagmatine. Ferulic acid can be found in a number of food items such as pineapple, pear, evergreen huckleberry, and silver linden, which makes ferulic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a type of organic compound. It is an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded as side chains to molecules such as arabinoxylans. As a component of lignin, ferulic acid is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds. The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis) . 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, 8CI Caffeic acid 3-methyl ether Ferulic acid C10H10O4 194.184 194.057908808 (2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid (2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid 1135-24-6 [H]\C(=C(/[H])C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-6-7(2-4-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HYXAFXHYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Hydroxycinnamic acids Organic compounds Phenylpropanoids and polyketides Cinnamic acids and derivatives Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Alkyl aryl ethers Anisoles Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Cinnamic acids Coumaric acids and derivatives Hydrocarbon derivatives Methoxybenzenes Methoxyphenols Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Phenoxy compounds Styrenes 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid Alkyl aryl ether Anisole Aromatic homomonocyclic compound Benzenoid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Cinnamic acid Coumaric acid or derivatives Ether Hydrocarbon derivative Hydroxycinnamic acid Methoxybenzene Methoxyphenol Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Monocyclic benzene moiety Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organooxygen compound Phenol Phenol ether Phenoxy compound Styrene ferulic acids logp 1.58 ALOGPS logs -2.33 ALOGPS solubility 9.06e-01 g/l ALOGPS logp 1.67 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 3.27 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -4.9 ChemAxon iupac (2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 194.184 ChemAxon mono_mass 194.057908808 ChemAxon smiles [H]\C(=C(/[H])C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O ChemAxon formula C10H10O4 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-6-7(2-4-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3- ChemAxon inchikey KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HYXAFXHYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 66.76 ChemAxon refractivity 51.5 ChemAxon polarizability 18.8 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 3 ChemAxon acceptor_count 4 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::CMs 1643 Specdb::CMs 76870 Specdb::CMs 155675 Specdb::MsMs 984488 Specdb::MsMs 984489 Specdb::MsMs 984490 Specdb::MsMs 1108907 Specdb::MsMs 1108908 Specdb::MsMs 1108909 Specdb::MsMs 2355162 Specdb::MsMs 2355163 Specdb::MsMs 2355164 Specdb::MsMs 2606608 Specdb::MsMs 2606609 Specdb::MsMs 2606610 Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 Amaranth Type 1 specific Amaranthus 3564 American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 3.369 8.789999962 0.5 mg/100 g Anise Type 1 specific Pimpinella anisum 271192 1.2 1.200000048 1.200000048 mg/100 g Annual wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 75727 Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 0.910506 4.95 0.0 mg/100 g Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 0.103556 0.202222228 0.008 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 4.184445 12.553333918 0.0 mg/100 g Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 Beer Type 2 specific 1.211238 4.5 0.0 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 1.1505 2.301000118 0.0 mg/100 g Black elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus nigra 4202 Black huckleberry Type 1 specific Gaylussacia baccata 128893 2.166667 2.166666667 2.166666667 mg/100 g Black raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus occidentalis 75079 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 Blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus 3.25 3.25 3.25 mg/100 g Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 0.65 1.3 0.0 mg/100 g Bog bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium uliginosum 190548 4.603333 4.603333473 4.603333473 mg/100 g Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific Broad bean Type 1 specific Vicia faba 3906 1.5 1.5 1.5 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 11.5527 12.1281 10.9773 mg/100 g Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Bulgur Type 2 specific Cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. capitata 3716 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Carob Type 1 specific Ceratonia siliqua 20340 Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 Cascade huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium deliciosum 190531 2.26 2.25999999 2.25999999 mg/100 g Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 0.535 0.535000026 0.535000026 mg/100 g Cereals and cereal products Unknown generic Cherry tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 195583 0.136667 0.136666667 0.136666667 mg/100 g Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 4.3 4.300000191 4.300000191 mg/100 g Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 Chocolate Type 2 specific 24.0 24.0 24.0 mg/100 g Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Cocoa bean Type 1 specific Theobroma cacao 3641 Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 4.184445 12.553333918 0.0 mg/100 g Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 9.338163 26.600000381 0.303333333 mg/100 g Common beet Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris 161934 Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 0.009 0.027000001 0.0 mg/100 g Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 0.012 0.012 0.012 mg/100 g Common oregano Type 1 specific Origanum vulgare 39352 5.2 5.199999809 5.199999809 mg/100 g Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 1.4 1.399999976 1.399999976 mg/100 g Common sage Type 1 specific Salvia officinalis 38868 5.35 5.800000191 4.900000095 mg/100 g Common thyme Type 1 specific Thymus vulgaris 49992 2.825 5.650000095 0.0 mg/100 g Common walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 51240 1.294667 3.75 0.064 mg/100 g Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 34.021543 123.540000916 0.156560004 mg/100 g Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 5.6455 11.291000366 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 74.095694 170.642484029 0.533226639 mg/100 g Cowpea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata 3917 8.9 8.899999619 8.899999619 mg/100 g Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 0.06525 0.0723 0.0582 mg/100 g Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 5.8 5.800000191 5.800000191 mg/100 g Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 9.010833 11.826666991 6.110000134 mg/100 g Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.023067 0.0388 0.0 mg/100 g Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 0.37216 0.6795 0.22 mg/100 g European cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium oxycoccos 516948 2.9375 5.875000238 0.0 mg/100 g European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 0.231875 0.92749997 0.0 mg/100 g Evening primrose Type 1 specific Oenothera biennis 3942 Evergreen blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus laciniatus 3.25 3.25 3.25 mg/100 g Evergreen huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovatum 84019 10.88 10.880000114 10.880000114 mg/100 g Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 5.755 7.409999847 4.099999905 mg/100 g Fenugreek Type 1 specific Trigonella foenum-graecum 78534 1.4833 2.966599941 0.0 mg/100 g Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 Flour Type 2 specific Garden onion Type 1 specific Allium cepa 4679 0.1185 0.119 0.118 mg/100 g Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 0.8 0.8 0.8 mg/100 g Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 0.278222 0.278222223 0.278222223 mg/100 g German camomile Type 1 specific Matricaria recutita 127986 1.6 1.600000024 1.600000024 mg/100 g Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 Grape wine Type 2 specific 0.070085 0.094749999 0.031 mg/100 g Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 2.6775 5.339000225 0.016000001 mg/100 g Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 6.573095 12.842857156 0.303333333 mg/100 g Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.46195 0.4657 0.4582 mg/100 g Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.9376 0.9519 0.9233 mg/100 g Half-highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum 934696 4.923333 4.923333327 4.923333327 mg/100 g Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 32.363814 72.209999084 2.321925029 mg/100 g Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 2.261549 4.427499904 0.5 mg/100 g Hyssop Type 1 specific Hyssopus officinalis 39324 13.2 13.199999809 13.199999809 mg/100 g Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.2491 0.2537 0.2445 mg/100 g Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 0.13065 0.1482 0.1131 mg/100 g Lambsquarters Type 1 specific Chenopodium album 3559 Lemon Type 1 specific Citrus limon 2708 2.7 2.7 2.7 mg/100 g Lemon balm Type 1 specific Melissa officinalis 39338 48.0 48.0 48.0 mg/100 g Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 0.070625 0.074000001 0.06725 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 Lima bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus lunatus 3884 3.9 3.900000095 3.900000095 mg/100 g Lovage Type 1 specific Levisticum officinale 48042 Lowbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium 472369 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Malabar spinach Type 1 specific Basella alba 3589 Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 13.993778 35.824043274 0.190289995 mg/100 g Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 5.544208 22.0 0.019581883 mg/100 g Opium poppy Type 1 specific Papaver somniferum 3469 Oriental wheat Type 1 specific Triticum turanicum 376534 Oval-leaf huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovalifolium 190544 1.796667 1.796666662 1.796666662 mg/100 g Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 93.8354 112.621 75.0498 mg/100 g Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 Peach (var.) Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. persica 323852 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 4.5 4.5 4.5 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper (C. frutescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum var. annuum 40321 Pigeon pea Type 1 specific Cajanus cajan 3821 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 48.0 48.0 48.0 mg/100 g Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.000538 0.000538462 0.000538462 mg/100 g Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 2.8 2.8 2.8 mg/100 g Purslane Type 1 specific Portulaca oleracea 46147 Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 Quinoa Type 1 specific Chenopodium quinoa 63459 Rabbiteye blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium virgatum 8.485 8.485 8.485 mg/100 g Radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus 3726 1.6 1.6 1.6 mg/100 g Rape Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 0.16 0.159999996 0.159999996 mg/100 g Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Red huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium parvifolium 180766 3.85 3.850000064 3.850000064 mg/100 g Red raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus idaeus 32247 0.5 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red rice Type 1 specific Oryza rufipogon 4529 Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 9.243175 29.759601593 0.105600002 mg/100 g Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 4.184445 12.553333918 0.0 mg/100 g Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia 0.3779 0.4289 0.3269 mg/100 g Roman camomile Type 1 specific Chamaemelum nobile 99037 Rosemary Type 1 specific Rosmarinus officinalis 39367 3.6 5.199999809 2.0 mg/100 g Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 1.625 3.25 0.0 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 38.2686 91.493999958 0.451800004 mg/100 g Rye bread Type 2 specific 56.900001 109.900001526 3.900000095 mg/100 g Sea-buckthornberry Type 1 specific Hippophae rhamnoides 193516 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Semolina Type 2 specific 64.047198 64.047197654 64.047197654 mg/100 g Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 Sherry Type 2 specific 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294 mg/100 g Silver linden Type 1 specific Tilia argentea 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soft-necked garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum L. var. sativum 4682 2.7 2.7 2.7 mg/100 g Sorghum Type 1 specific Sorghum bicolor 4558 Sour cherry Type 1 specific Prunus cerasus 140311 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 4.0403 15.699999809 0.0012 mg/100 g Spearmint Type 1 specific Mentha spicata 29719 2.8 5.599999905 0.0 mg/100 g Spelt Type 1 specific Triticum spelta 58933 Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 1.6 1.6 1.6 mg/100 g Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 0.25 0.25 0.25 mg/100 g Sweet basil Type 1 specific Ocimum basilicum 39350 2.0 4.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet cherry Type 1 specific Prunus avium 42229 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 8.15 9.199999809 7.099999905 mg/100 g Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 3.419559 4.399807751 1.45 mg/100 g Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 6.975 10.800000191 3.400000095 mg/100 g Tarragon Type 1 specific Artemisia dracunculus 72341 3.8 3.8 3.8 mg/100 g Tartary buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum tataricum 62330 Teff Type 1 specific Eragrostis tef 110835 Triticale Type 1 specific X Triticosecale rimpaui Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 3.93 6.4886 0.606100023 mg/100 g Vinegar Type 2 specific 0.110136 0.110135789 0.110135789 mg/100 g Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 White cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g White wine Type 2 3.2 3.2 3.2 mg/100 g Wild carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota 4039 Wild celery Type 1 specific Apium graveolens 4045 Wild leek Type 1 specific Allium ampeloprasum 4681 Wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania 15949 Yali pear Type 1 specific Pyrus × bretschneideri Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.03285 0.0407 0.025 mg/100 g Yellow wax bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 6.573095 12.842857156 0.303333333 mg/100 g Allelopathic 42 Analgesic 56 An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. Anti bacterial 145 A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Anti carcinogenic 161 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti dysmenorrheic 241 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti estrogenic 272 A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. Anti hepatotoxic 328 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Anti leukemic 393 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti mitotic 441 Anti neoplastic 465 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti radicular 572 Anti serotonin 608 Anti-aggregant 94 Anti-allergic 103 A drug used to treat allergic reactions. Anti-arrhythmic 129 A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. Anti-cancer 159 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti-herpetic 329 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Anti-inflammatory 370 A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. Anti-mutagenic 451 Anti-nitrosaminic 480 Anti-oxidant 502 A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324. Anti-spasmodic 619 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-thrombic 647 Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system. Anti-viral 689 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Antitumor 672 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Antitumor promoter 673 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Arteriodilator 708 Cancer preventive 754 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Candidicide 756 Cardiac 764 A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. Cholagogue 800 Choleretic 801 Fungicide 940 A substance used to destroy fungal pests. Hepatoprotective 981 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Hepatotropic 985 Herbicide 986 A substance used to destroy plant pests. Hydrocholerectic 999 Hypolipidemic 1020 Immunostimulant 1032 A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. Insectifuge 1041 Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects. Metal chelator 1100 A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate. Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor 1175 A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Pesticide 1210 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. Phagocytotic 1212 Preservative 1241 Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. Prostaglandigenic 1254 Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor 1258 A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. Sunscreen 1337 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Uteros sedative 1404 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.