| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Allelopathic | | Biochemicals that inhibit growth, survival, or reproduction in other organisms, with potential therapeutic applications in weed control, antimicrobial, and anticancer treatments, and key medical uses in developing novel pesticides, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-allergic | 50857 | An agent that reduces or blocks allergic reactions, commonly used to manage symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, and inflammation, by inhibiting the release of histamine and other chemical mediators, providing relief in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and skin allergies. | DUKE | | Anti-arrhythmic | 38070 | An agent that regulates heart rhythm, correcting irregular heartbeat patterns. Therapeutically, it restores normal cardiac function, commonly used to manage arrhythmias, prevent sudden cardiac death, and treat conditions like atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. | DUKE | | Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE | | Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE | | Anti carcinogenic | 35610 | An agent that prevents or inhibits the formation of cancer, reducing tumor growth and proliferation. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from DNA damage and mutation. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent cancer development, with key medical applications in chemotherapy, radiation protection, and cancer prevention programs. | DUKE | | Anti dysmenorrheic | 52217 | An agent that alleviates menstrual cramp symptoms, reducing prostaglandin-induced uterine contractions. Therapeutically, it provides relief from dysmenorrhea, commonly used in managing primary dysmenorrhea and other menstrual disorders. | DUKE | | Anti estrogenic | 35222 | An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth. | DUKE | | Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE | | Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE | | Anti mitotic | | An agent that inhibits mitosis, or cell division, playing a crucial role in regulating cell growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer by blocking tumor cell proliferation. Key medical uses include chemotherapy for various cancers, such as breast, lung, and colon cancer, to prevent cancer cell division and growth. | DUKE | | Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE | | Anti neoplastic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits or suppresses the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce apoptosis, prevent tumor progression, and enhance patient survival. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy for various types of cancer, such as leukemia, breast, lung, and colon cancer. | DUKE | | Anti-nitrosaminic | | An agent that inhibits the formation of nitrosamines, carcinogenic compounds. It plays a biological role in cancer prevention, with therapeutic applications in reducing the risk of tobacco-related and other cancers. Key medical uses include chemoprevention and protection against carcinogenic exposures. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE | | Anti serotonin | 48278 | An agent that blocks the activity of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. It reduces serotonin's effects, commonly used in managing serotonin-related disorders, such as carcinoid syndrome, and as an antiemetic to prevent nausea and vomiting. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti-thrombic | 50248 | An agent that prevents or dissolves blood clots, playing a crucial role in preventing thrombosis. Therapeutically, it is used to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and deep vein thrombosis, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases, atrial fibrillation, and post-surgical patients. | DUKE | | Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE | | Antitumor promoter | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and progression, reducing cancer cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it prevents tumor development and spread, with key medical uses in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in combating carcinogenesis and metastasis. | DUKE | | Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE | | Arteriodilator | | An agent that dilates arteries, increasing blood flow to or from the heart, used therapeutically to manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and angina, improving cardiac output and reducing blood pressure. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Candidicide | | An agent that kills Candida species, such as Candida albicans, reducing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat candidiasis, with key medical applications in managing oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and other fungal diseases. | DUKE | | Cardiac | 38070 | Relating to the heart, referring to agents or functions that support heart health, treat cardiovascular diseases, or regulate heart rhythm, commonly used in managing conditions such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and hypertension. | DUKE | | Cholagogue | | An agent that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder, promoting digestion and relieving bile duct issues. Therapeutically, it aids in treating gallstones, jaundice, and liver disorders, while also supporting digestive health. | DUKE | | Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE | | Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE | | Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE | | Hepatotropic | | An agent with a special affinity for the liver, influencing its function and regeneration. It plays a biological role in liver repair and detoxification. Therapeutically, hepatotropics are used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and have applications in managing liver cancer and promoting liver health. | DUKE | | Herbicide | 24527 | A chemical agent that kills or inhibits plant growth, used in agriculture to control weeds and pests. It has no direct biological role or therapeutic applications in human medicine, but its development has led to the creation of related compounds with potential medical uses, such as anticancer agents. | DUKE | | Hydrocholerectic | | An agent that stimulates bile production, enhancing digestion and liver function. It has therapeutic applications in treating bile duct disorders and liver conditions, with key medical uses including alleviating constipation and promoting gallbladder health. | DUKE | | Hypolipidemic | | An agent that lowers lipid levels, treating hyperlipidemias by reducing cholesterol and triglyceride production, with therapeutic applications in managing cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and stroke, commonly used to prevent heart attacks and improve overall cardiovascular health. | DUKE | | Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE | | Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE | | Metal chelator | 38161 | An agent that binds to metal ions, reducing their toxicity and availability. It plays a biological role in regulating metal ion homeostasis and has therapeutic applications in treating metal poisoning, iron overload, and neurodegenerative diseases, with key medical uses including Wilson's disease and hemochromatosis management. | DUKE | | Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Phagocytotic | | An agent that engulfs and internalizes solid particles or cells through phagocytosis, playing a key role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it aids in removing pathogens and debris, with medical applications in treating infections and inflammatory disorders. | DUKE | | Preservative | 65255 | An agent that prevents spoilage and extends shelf life, playing a biological role in inhibiting microbial growth. Therapeutically, preservatives are used to prevent contamination and degradation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products, ensuring safety and efficacy. Key medical uses include sterilization and stabilization of medical preparations, such as vaccines, ointments, and injectables. | DUKE | | Prostaglandigenic | | An agent that promotes the production of prostaglandins, which are hormonelike compounds that stimulate uterine contractions, among other effects. Therapeutically, prostaglandigenic agents are used to induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and treat certain gynecological conditions, showcasing their key role in obstetrics and women's health. | DUKE | | Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the production of prostaglandins, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and fever, commonly found in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). | DUKE | | Sunscreen | 52217 | A topical agent that blocks UV radiation, preventing skin damage and reducing the risk of skin cancer. Its therapeutic applications include protection against sunburn, photoaging, and photodermatoses. Key medical uses include prevention of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as management of photosensitive disorders. | DUKE | | Uteros sedative | 52217 | An agent that relaxes the uterus, reducing spasms and contractions. Therapeutically, it alleviates menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome, and threatened abortion symptoms, commonly used in obstetrics and gynecology to promote uterine relaxation and prevent premature labor. | DUKE |
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